Abstract
This study evaluates the health risks associated with food additive exposure in ultra-processed food consumption, with a focus on dietary patterns, cumulative intake, microbiome interactions, and toxicological mechanisms. Using a qualitative Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, this study synthesizes recent evidence to examine how widespread consumption of ultra-processed foods contributes to continuous exposure to multiple additives. The findings indicate that additive exposure occurs as mixtures rather than isolated compounds, leading to cumulative effects that may influence long-term health outcomes. Emerging evidence highlights the role of the gut microbiome as a key mediator, where additives may alter microbial composition, intestinal permeability, and metabolic function. In addition, mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation are identified as critical pathways linking exposure to disease risk. This study underscores the need for integrated risk assessment approaches that consider cumulative exposure, biological interactions, and real-world dietary conditions
