Tracing Toxic Chemical Routes and Their Impact on Food Safety Across Production Stages

Abstract

Chemical substances exceeding established safety limits have long posed serious threats to human health and the environment, particularly in developing countries. The global food sector is increasingly challenged by toxic chemical contaminants originating from both natural processes and anthropogenic activities. These pollutants can infiltrate all stages of the food production chain, thereby compromising food safety. Among the most concerning are Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), such as pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), which are known for their resistance to degradation and long-term ecological impacts. Chemical contamination occurs through multiple pathways, including agricultural practices, industrial emissions, and environmental media such as air, water, and soil. These pathways facilitate the transfer and accumulation of harmful substances in food products. Therefore, strict control measures are essential, particularly in regulating pesticide use, antibiotic application, and food packaging processes to prevent residue accumulation. Ensuring food safety requires coordinated regulatory oversight at both national and international levels. Strengthening monitoring systems and enforcing global standards are crucial steps to reduce exposure risks and maintain the safety and sustainability of the global food supply chain