Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Food: A Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the health risks of exposure to pesticide residues in food through a literature review approach. Data were obtained from Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed with the inclusion criteria of articles published between 2018 and 2022, focusing on pesticides and health, and originating from reputable international journals. The analysis was conducted using content analysis and synthesis of research findings. The results of the study indicate that pesticide residues are still widely found in food, often in the form of a combination of several compounds (multiple residues). Although most residue levels are below the established maximum limit, chronic exposure and cumulative effects still have the potential to pose health risks. Risk assessment using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), and Hazard Quotient (HQ) indicators shows that the risk is generally still within the safe category, but vulnerable groups such as children have a higher potential for exposure. Furthermore, existing risk assessment approaches still have limitations in accommodating long-term effects and interactions between pesticides