Retraction and Correction

We acknowledge the significant effort authors put into preparing manuscripts and the peer-review process we conduct. However, there are occasions when published articles may need to be withdrawn or retracted for scientific or ethical reasons. These actions are not taken lightly and will occur only under extraordinary circumstances. We are committed to maintaining the integrity and completeness of scientific records, ensuring the confidence of researchers and librarians in the accuracy of our electronic archives. Article Withdrawal An article may be withdrawn under specific conditions, such as: Scientific errors: If an article contains significant errors that would invalidate its conclusions. Ethical violations: This includes misconduct like plagiarism, falsified data, or improper authorship. If an author identifies an ethical issue with their manuscript, they can formally request a withdrawal by submitting a statement to the editorial board. Article Retraction In some cases, it may be necessary to retract an article, which can occur if: Major scientific errors: These errors may be due to misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest mistakes (e.g., calculation errors) that make the findings unreliable. Redundant publication: The article has been previously published without proper cross-referencing, permission, or justification. Ethical issues: This includes plagiarism or inappropriate authorship. The retraction process follows these steps: The potential retraction is reviewed by the editor, who will evaluate the issue according to COPE’s guidelines. The findings are reviewed by the Ethics Advisory Board to ensure consistency with best practices. A decision on retraction is communicated to the author and any relevant parties, such as the author’s institution. A retraction statement is published online and in the next available journal issue. Article Correction If a publication contains minor errors or misleading data, the journal may issue a correction. This can occur in the following circumstances: Author or contributor errors: If the author list is incorrect or if a small part of the publication is flawed but does not impact the overall validity of the study. Corrections may fall into these categories: Erratum: Publisher correction due to errors made by the publishing staff. Corrigendum: Author correction for errors made by the authors. Addendum: Additional information or updates to clarify or expand the article. Article Removal In exceptional cases, an article may be removed from the journal platform due to legal reasons, defamation, or health risks. The article's metadata will remain, but the text will be replaced with a notice indicating its removal. Article Replacement If an article poses serious risks, it may be replaced with a corrected version. The retraction procedure will apply, but the notice will link to the corrected article and include the document’s revision history.