Digital Transformation in Education: An Analysis of Technological Development and Its Implications for 21st-Century Learning

Abstract

The development of educational technology in the last five years has accelerated digital transformation at various levels of education. This study aims to analyze changes in the learning paradigm through the integration of Information and Communication Technology and its impact on the effectiveness and equity of education. The method used is a literature study by examining several scientific sources published in the last five years to be relevant to the research. The results show that the adoption of technology in education not only increases access and flexibility of learning, but also demands the readiness of human resources and adaptive policies. The main challenges lie in the digital divide, limited infrastructure, and the need for digital literacy for educators and students. These findings confirm that the success of digital transformation depends on the synergy between technological innovation, policy support, and human capacity building. Therefore, cross-sector collaboration and a sustainable approach are needed to realize an inclusive and digitally equitable education system in the 21st century era.