Education Sector Development as a Driver of Human Development Index Improvement in Indonesia

Abstract

Education is a key factor in improving the quality of human resources and strengthening national development. This study aims to analyze the contribution of the education sector to improving the Human Development Index in Indonesia through a qualitative descriptive approach using a systematic literature review. Data were obtained from fifteen peer-reviewed scientific articles published in the last five years that discuss the relationship between education, public policy, and human development indicators. The study results indicate that education has a direct influence on the knowledge dimension and an indirect influence on the welfare and health dimensions of the Human Development Index. Increased education budgets, equitable access, and the strengthening of quality learning processes have been shown to significantly improve the Human Development Index in various provinces. Moreover, the role of education in enhancing social inclusion and reducing poverty demonstrates its broader socio-economic impact. However, challenges such as regional disparities, unequal resources, and variations in teacher competence still need to be addressed. Therefore, Indonesia’s human development policies should prioritize equitable, inclusive, and sustainable education as the fundamental foundation of national progress.