Microplastic Pollution and Its Implications for Food Safety and Human Health: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Microplastic pollution has become a rapidly growing global environmental issue, raising serious concerns about food safety and human health. This study aims to analyze the presence of microplastics in aquatic environments, their entry into the food chain, and their implications for human health through a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Data were obtained from scientific articles published in the last five years and systematically analyzed to identify patterns and key findings. The results of the review indicate that microplastics are widespread in aquatic environments and can accumulate in various aquatic organisms, including seafood consumed by humans. Microplastics not only act as physical particles but also as vectors carrying hazardous substances such as heavy metals and persistent organic compounds. Exposure to microplastics has the potential to cause health issues, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota disruption, although their long-term effects still require further research. Additionally, public awareness of the risks associated with microplastics remains relatively low. Therefore, integrated efforts through research, education, and policy are needed to mitigate the impact of microplastics on food safety and human health