Global Political-Economic Transformation in the Era of International Crisis: A Literature Review

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the direction of global economic and political development in the last decade. The impact of this crisis not only shakes the public health system but also causes structural disruptions to the world economy, international supply chains, and socio-political stability between countries. This study aims to analyze the relationship between global health crises, economic resilience, and international political dynamics through a literature review approach to various scientific literature published in the last five years. The results of the analysis show that the pandemic not only caused economic contraction and increased social inequality but also accelerated the process of deglobalization, expanded the dependence on digital technology, and strengthened the role of the state in the economy. In addition, this crisis shows the weakness of international governance and the limited effectiveness of multilateral institutions in responding to cross-border threats in a rapid and coordinated manner. The findings of the study confirm that future global resilience must be built on inclusive international cooperation, sustainable economic policies, and global governance that is adaptive to systemic change and uncertainty.