The Indonesian Governance Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to advancing the study and understanding of governance practices, policies, and reforms within Indonesia. Published by the Indonesian Society for Governance and Public Finance (ISGOV), this journal provides a platform for research that critically examines Indonesia's governance structures, political systems, and public administration, as well as their impact on social, economic, and political development in the country. The journal covers a broad spectrum of topics in the field of governance, including public sector reforms, decentralization, political institutions, administrative ethics, corruption, democracy, and the role of civil society in governance. It also explores the intersection of governance with issues such as economic development, social justice, and sustainability. As a double-blind peer-reviewed journal, the Indonesian Governance Review maintains the highest standards of academic excellence to ensure that all submitted articles are thoroughly evaluated for quality and originality. Published biannually, with issues released in January–June and July–December, the journal welcomes contributions from scholars, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working in the fields of governance, public administration, and political science. It encourages the submission of original research articles, theoretical papers, case studies, and policy analyses that contribute to a deeper understanding of governance practices and political developments in Indonesia. The Indonesian Governance Review is committed to publishing articles that offer evidence-based insights and recommendations for improving governance and public administration in Indonesia. Authors are required to adhere to the journal's submission guidelines, and manuscripts that do not meet these formatting and style requirements will be returned without review. Only those manuscripts that comply with the journal's standards will undergo further editorial evaluation and peer review. By fostering the exchange of knowledge and perspectives, the Indonesian Governance Review aims to contribute to the ongoing dialogue about governance reforms in Indonesia and to provide valuable insights that can help shape effective policies for the country's future development.
Indonesian Society for Governance and Public Finance (ISGOV)
Public Administration and Good Governance as Foundations for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Public administration is a vital instrument in achieving sustainable national development. As a connector between government policies and their implementation in the field, public administration plays a central role in ensuring the quality of public services, efficiency, and transparency in the use of resources. The effectiveness of public administration becomes a decisive factor in the success of development, particularly in integrating the principles of good governance, which include transparency, accountability, participation, and responsiveness. The application of good governance is also aligned with the global agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which emphasize inclusiveness and the principle of leaving no one behind. Various studies indicate that sound public governance enhances public trust, strengthens institutional capacity, and accelerates the achievement of sustainable development objectives. Therefore, strengthening public administration serves not only as the foundation of modern governance but also as a guarantee of sustainable national development in the context of globalization and ongoing social transformation.
Village Development Policy and Community Welfare in the Framework of National Development
Village development is a fundamental foundation in realizing inclusive and sustainable national development. Villages serve as the basis of food security, centers of local economic growth, buffers of urban economies, as well as preservers of culture and local wisdom. However, the village–city gap, limited infrastructure, weak human resources, and obstacles in village government administration remain major challenges. Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages grants authority for villages to regulate and manage the interests of their communities, including development, governance, and empowerment. In practice, the implementation of village policies is inseparable from the support of the central government through village fund allocation, regulatory guidance, and synergy with national development. This study applies a normative juridical method to analyze the relationship between government policy and village development. The findings indicate that the success of village development is largely determined by the consistency of policy, the capacity of village apparatus, and the active participation of the community in managing local potential to enhance shared welfare.
The Role of Financial Instruments in Implementing Sustainable Budgeting to Support the Green Economy in Indonesia
Sustainable budgeting represents a strategic approach in financial planning that integrates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles to achieve a balance between economic growth and the preservation of natural resources. In the Indonesian context, the implementation of sustainable budgeting faces several challenges, including dependence on fossil energy, limited green infrastructure, and financing gaps. Nevertheless, there are significant opportunities through financial instruments such as Green Sukuk and Blue Financing, which can support the national transition toward a green economy. This article discusses the role of financial institutions, government policies, as well as the challenges and opportunities related to the implementation of sustainable budgeting in Indonesia. The findings of the literature review highlight that strengthening regulations, enhancing institutional capacity, and raising public awareness are critical factors in optimizing sustainable financial instruments. These insights provide strategic recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions to accelerate the achievement of green economy objectives and broader sustainability goals.
Optimizing Sustainable Budgeting for a Green Economy
Sustainable budgeting represents a strategic approach in financial planning that integrates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles to achieve a balance between economic growth and the preservation of natural resources. In Indonesia, the implementation of sustainable budgeting faces several challenges, including dependence on fossil energy, limited green infrastructure, and financing gaps that constrain the pace of transition to a low-carbon economy. Nevertheless, significant opportunities exist through financial instruments such as Blue Financing and Green Sukuk, which can support the transition toward a green economy by facilitating funding for environmentally friendly and socially responsible projects. This article examines the roles of financial institutions, government policies, as well as the challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable budgeting in Indonesia. Findings from the literature review indicate that strengthening regulations, enhancing institutional capacity, and increasing public awareness are critical factors in optimizing sustainable financial instruments. The study provides strategic recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions to accelerate the achievement of green economy goals and sustainability objectives.
Indonesia’s Energy Transition with a Focus on Renewable Energy Policy Challenges and Strategies
The energy transition in Indonesia represents a strategic agenda to achieve sustainable development while fulfilling global commitments to reduce carbon emissions. The Government of Indonesia has set ambitious targets in the National Energy General Plan (RUEN), aiming to achieve 23% renewable energy in the national energy mix and increasing to 31% by 2050. This effort is supported by several key policies, including Law Number 30 of 2007 on Energy, Presidential Regulation Number 22 of 2017 on RUEN, and Presidential Regulation Number 112 of 2022 on accelerating renewable energy development. However, the actual share of renewable energy in the national mix reached only around 12–15% by 2023, indicating a significant gap compared to the targets. The main challenges include limited infrastructure, regulatory uncertainty, financing constraints, and regional disparities. Therefore, accelerating strategies such as simplifying licensing, providing fiscal incentives, strengthening human resource capacity, and enhancing cross-sector collaboration are essential to achieve the national energy transition effectively and sustainably.
Reinventing Government in Local Administration: Structural, Functional, and Cultural Perspectives
This study investigates the transformation of local government management within the Reinventing Government paradigm, which emphasizes structural, functional, and cultural reforms. Structural reform seeks to establish lean, transparent, and accountable institutions; functional reform focuses on optimizing human resources, planning, finance, logistics, and conflict management; while cultural reform highlights the shift in values, mindsets, and bureaucratic culture toward greater responsiveness and service orientation. The research applies a descriptive-analytical method with a combined approach grounded in library research, drawing upon academic literature published over the last five years. The findings indicate that although various reform efforts have been implemented, persistent challenges remain, including limited human resource capacity, fiscal constraints, and resistance within the bureaucracy. These barriers often slow progress and hinder the realization of reform objectives. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive strategies that integrate structural, functional, and cultural dimensions, enabling local governments to enhance service delivery, strengthen institutional accountability, and promote the principles of good governance.
Public Policy, Green Technology, and Blue Innovation in the Global Circular Economy
This study explores the critical role of public policy in advancing green technology and blue innovation within the framework of the global circular economy. Using a library research method, it reviews academic literature published last five years to capture recent theoretical and empirical developments. The findings highlight that public policy provides essential regulatory frameworks, fiscal incentives, and support for research and development, which significantly accelerate the adoption of environmentally friendly practices. Green technology contributes by improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and extending product life cycles, thereby aligning industrial activities with sustainability objectives. Blue innovation, on the other hand, emphasizes the sustainable utilization of marine resources, including ocean energy, sustainable fisheries, and marine biotechnology, offering solutions to global challenges such as plastic pollution and overexploitation of marine ecosystems. The study concludes that the integration of public policy, green technology, and blue innovation is fundamental to achieving an inclusive and resilient circular economy that supports sustainable development and global environmental preservation.
Integrating Digital Transformation, Agile Leadership, and Green Innovation for Sustainable Technology Firms
Digital transformation, agile leadership, and green innovation have emerged as critical strategic issues in navigating global business dynamics. This study aims to explain the interrelation of these three elements in enhancing the performance and sustainability of technology firms in Indonesia. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of several relevant international and national articles, the study reveals that digital transformation enhances efficiency and competitiveness, yet its success is strongly influenced by organizational culture readiness. Agile leadership serves as a catalyst that accelerates digital adoption while fostering pro-environmental employee behavior. Meanwhile, green innovation is no longer perceived as a cost burden but as a core strategy that strengthens corporate reputation, opens new market opportunities, and meets international regulatory demands. The integration of these three factors provides a strategic framework for technology companies in major Indonesian cities, such as Surabaya, to address modernization and globalization challenges. This study contributes to contemporary management literature while offering practical insights for companies and policymakers.
Green Accounting, Environmental Performance, and Green Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance with GCG Moderation
This study aims to analyze the influence of green accounting, environmental performance, and Green Intellectual Capital (GIC) on financial performance, with good corporate governance (GCG) as a moderating variable. The research method employed is a literature review, focusing on academic works published last five years. The findings indicate that green accounting enhances reporting transparency and cost-efficiency, while environmental performance provides social legitimacy and increases investor attractiveness. GIC contributes to innovation and sustainable competitiveness, although its effect is not always consistent without the support of GCG. GCG significantly strengthens the relationship between sustainability practices and financial performance by ensuring transparency, accountability, and integrity in implementation. These results emphasize that sustainability and governance cannot be separated, particularly in Indonesia where implementation gaps, compliance costs, and greenwashing risks remain challenges. This study contributes academically by enriching sustainability and governance literature, while offering practical implications for managers and policymakers in designing effective sustainability strategies.
The Mediating Role of Green Innovation in Corporate Governance and Firm Performance
This study explores the relationship between corporate governance, green innovation, and firm performance within the context of modern business challenges that demand efficiency, transparency, and sustainability. Using a library research approach, this paper reviews relevant literature published last five years to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between board size, independent commissioners, and ownership concentration in influencing firm performance, both directly and indirectly. The findings reveal that corporate governance mechanisms can enhance transparency and monitoring effectiveness, but their influence on firm performance remains inconsistent due to contextual factors such as regulatory environment and ownership structures. Meanwhile, green innovation emerges as a strategic tool that not only improves environmental performance but also contributes to financial stability and competitive advantage. More importantly, green innovation acts as a mediating variable that strengthens the positive relationship between corporate governance and firm performance, particularly in the manufacturing sector. This study contributes to the academic discourse by addressing research gaps and provides practical implications for firms seeking to integrate governance and sustainability strategies.
Good Governance Principles for Effective and Inclusive Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is a critical strategy to meet the needs of current societies without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their needs. The success of this strategy largely depends on the implementation of good governance principles, including transparency, accountability, participation, and the rule of law. This article examines how the application of good governance principles can strengthen effectiveness, efficiency, and fairness in sustainable development in Indonesia. The research employs a literature review approach, focusing on recent scholarly studies, national policies, and practical experiences in implementation. The findings indicate that integrating good governance principles into decision-making processes and policy implementation enhances public participation, environmental protection, and equitable distribution of economic benefits. However, challenges such as limited understanding among policymakers and insufficient oversight mechanisms remain significant barriers. These results emphasize the importance of collaboration among government, civil society, and the private sector to ensure inclusive, fair, and sustainable development in Indonesia.
Government Discretion and Policy Regulations in Public Service Delivery in Indonesia
Indonesia, as a Welfare State and a Rechtsstaat, requires the government to ensure public service and social protection for its citizens. However, unclear legal regulations often lead to administrative stagnation and obstacles in the delivery of public services. In such situations, the government can utilize the principle of government discretion to continue performing public service functions professionally and ethically while upholding transparency and accuracy of information. Policy regulations or beleidsregel serve as an important administrative instrument for executing government duties, although they are not formal law, as long as they do not deviate from higher-level legislation. This study analyzes the implementation of government discretion and the role of policy regulations in ensuring effective public service delivery. The research employs a literature review method to examine relevant literature and policies. Findings indicate that proper use of government discretion can enhance the effectiveness of public service, strengthen the professionalism of civil servants, maintain public trust in the government, and serve as a mechanism to adapt legal implementation to real field conditions.
The Role of Legal Development in Supporting National Development in Indonesia
National development in Indonesia is a constitutional mandate oriented towards the protection of citizens, the improvement of welfare, and the advancement of education to realize social justice and sustainability. Within this framework, legal development occupies a crucial position as it encompasses the formulation of legal materials, the strengthening of institutional structures, and the cultivation of legal culture within society. However, an excessive focus on regulation often creates a gap between the intent of the law and its practical implementation. This gap hinders the effectiveness of law enforcement and the achievement of equitable national development. Active public participation is required at every stage of development so that regulations are not merely normative texts but also living instruments in practice. Through public involvement, transparency, and enhanced oversight, legal development can align with societal needs and support the realization of sustainable development. Therefore, the integration of policy, law, and public participation is a key factor in strengthening the foundation of national development in Indonesia.
Welfare State and Pancasila Economy: Indonesia’s Democratic Path to Social Justice
This study examines the transformation of the state concept from Nachtwakerstaat (night-watchman state) to Welfare State within the Indonesian context. The central focus is on how democratization and the Pancasila Economy function as both ideological and practical foundations in shaping public policies, particularly in the areas of social security, education, health, and the protection of vulnerable groups. The application of social justice principles embodied in the fifth principle of Pancasila and Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution serves as the basis for developing an economy rooted in kinship and solidarity. Democratization has shifted the role of the state from merely exercising political authority to becoming a provider of public services that are accountable, responsive, and oriented toward general welfare. Through a literature-based approach, this research affirms that the Pancasila Economy provides an alternative to liberalism by emphasizing equity and social solidarity. The findings are expected to enrich the understanding of the interconnection between democracy, Pancasila ideology, and the welfare state as fundamental pillars of national development in the modern era.
The Role of Government Accountability in Upholding the Rule of Law and Substantive Democracy in Indonesia
Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia affirms that Indonesia is a state based on law, which requires all aspects of governance and public life to comply with legal principles. Within the context of democracy, the rule of law demands government accountability that is transparent, accountable, and responsive to the interests of the people. This study analyzes the concept of government accountability in the Indonesian legal system with a particular focus on the application of good governance principles. By employing a literature review of sources published and available, the study reveals that the effectiveness of democracy is closely linked to the quality of accountability and the supremacy of law, both of which prevent abuse of power and ensure political, social, and economic stability. When accountability is limited to mere formality, it results in public distrust, weakened democratic legitimacy, and higher corruption risks. Conversely, transparency, accountability, and adherence to the rule of law strengthen substantive democracy and enhance public trust.
The Role of Government, Society, and Al-Hisbah in the Three-Sector Economy: An Islamic Economic Perspective
This study aims to examine the role of government, society, and the al-hisbah institution in the three-sector economy from the perspective of Islamic economics. The government functions as regulator and stabilizer through fiscal and monetary policies, designed not only to sustain growth but also to ensure equitable distribution of wealth. Society plays a dual role as both an economic actor and a moral supervisor, contributing through productive activities, public asset management, and social solidarity mechanisms. The al-hisbah institution complements these roles by enforcing ethical supervision of markets, ensuring honesty in transactions, product quality, and protection of consumer rights. The research employs a library study method by reviewing recent academic literature published last five years via Google Scholar. The findings highlight that Islamic economic development can only be realized through synergy between government, society, and al-hisbah, thereby creating an inclusive, fair, transparent, and sustainable system capable of addressing global as well as local challenges.
Indonesia’s Green Economy Transition: Potentials, Challenges, and Strategies for Sustainable Development
This study examines Indonesia’s transition towards a green economy as a pathway to achieve sustainable development. Using a library research method on literature from the past five years, it finds that the green economy offers strong potential to drive economic growth while protecting the environment. Such potential is particularly evident in renewable energy development, waste management, and community empowerment. However, implementation still faces key challenges, including low public awareness, limited infrastructure, inconsistent regulations, and the dominance of commercial interests. The discussion highlights that success in the green transition requires strong synergy among government policies, private sector investment, civil society participation, and academic support. Cross-sector collaboration is believed to be the key to overcoming existing obstacles and strengthening Indonesia’s global competitiveness. Thus, the green economy can serve as the main driver of sustainable development that is inclusive, adaptive, and equitable, while ensuring social welfare and environmental sustainability for future generations.
The Role of Industry 4.0-Based E-Government in Realizing a Sustainable Society 5.0
This article examines the role of Industry 4.0-based e-government in supporting the creation of a sustainable Society 5.0. The study adopts a library research method by reviewing scholarly literature published between last five years related to digital government transformation, sustainability, and technological innovation. The findings indicate that the application of digital technologies generates positive impacts on three main dimensions of sustainability. In the economic dimension, technologies such as machine learning, AI, and blockchain improve budget effectiveness, transparency, and bureaucratic efficiency. In the social dimension, e-government strengthens public participation, open data initiatives, and inclusiveness in public services. In the environmental dimension, the use of IoT and document digitalization supports more effective and resource-friendly environmental management. Despite these benefits, the study also highlights challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, low technological literacy, and data security issues. This article presents a conceptual framework linking e-government, Industry 4.0, and Society 5.0, while offering policy recommendations for strengthening sustainable governance.
Technology and Social Media in Democratic Participation in Indonesia
This study examines the role of technology and social media in strengthening public participation in Indonesia’s democratic process. Using a library research method, it analyzes several scholarly articles published between last five years focusing on digital democracy, political participation, and the positive and negative impacts of social media. The findings reveal that social media serves as a crucial medium to expand access to political information, enhance youth involvement, and reinforce governmental transparency and accountability. Nevertheless, significant challenges persist, including the spread of misinformation, political polarization, hate speech, and threats to data privacy. Furthermore, the digital divide across regions poses risks of unequal participation. The study concludes that optimizing digital democracy requires stronger digital literacy, adaptive regulations, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. With these strategies, social media can function not only as a space for participation but also as a driver for an inclusive and sustainable democracy in Indonesia.
Circular Economy and Waste Management in Indonesia: Strategies to Support the Achievement of SDGs
Waste management in Indonesia remains a complex issue that continues to escalate alongside population growth, urbanization, and heavy reliance on single-use plastics. The conventional linear economy approach has proven ineffective in reducing waste accumulation and its environmental impacts, highlighting the need for a more sustainable alternative. This study examines the role of the circular economy (CE) as a strategic framework for waste management and its contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a library research method, the study reviews literature published between last five years, focusing on both Indonesia and global best practices from Denmark, Germany, and Japan. The findings indicate that CE has the potential to reduce waste, improve resource efficiency, generate green jobs, and contribute to national decarbonization targets. Major challenges include limited infrastructure, insufficient economic incentives, and low public participation. Nevertheless, global experiences provide critical lessons to strengthen domestic strategies. Policy integration, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and simple technological innovation are key to realizing CE in Indonesia.
The Role of Authority and Legal Sovereignty in Indonesia’s Decentralized Regional Governance
The distribution of authority and power within Indonesia's constitutional system has experienced significant development since the amendments to the 1945 Constitution. Constitutional reforms emphasized a horizontal separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, as well as a vertical distribution through the implementation of regional autonomy. The principle of legal sovereignty positions law as the highest authority, ensuring that the powers of state institutions and local governments are always grounded in legal norms. In the context of an archipelagic state, decentralization provides a strategic solution to address the country's vast territory and socio-cultural diversity. Regional autonomy grants local governments the space to manage their own administrative affairs, aiming to deliver effective and democratic public services. However, the practice of decentralization faces challenges, including overlapping regulations, varying capacities among regions, and slow bureaucratic processes. Inter-regional cooperation emerges as a key instrument to strengthen national integration and enhance public welfare. This study employs a normative juridical approach to analyze the dynamics of authority, power, and decentralization within the framework of regional autonomy.
Strengthening the Rule of Law through Responsive Legislation and Public Participation
Indonesia, as a state based on the rule of law as affirmed in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, places law as the primary foundation of governance. Nevertheless, major challenges arise when legal products tend to be elitist and insufficiently responsive to the real needs of society. This study examines the importance of applying responsive law that prioritizes justice and the public interest, while emphasizing community participation in the law-making process. Using a normative juridical approach, this research analyzes existing regulations and practices, while connecting them to the state’s ultimate goal of achieving social welfare. The findings reveal that meaningful public participation is essential in producing legal products that are inclusive, democratic, and beneficial for the wider community. Therefore, the success of legal development is not only determined by formal-procedural aspects but also by the extent to which the law is able to realize social justice and collective welfare.
Taxation and National Development in Indonesia: A Rule of Law Perspective
Based on Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the state affirms itself as a rule of law, meaning that all aspects of national and state life, including national development, must be grounded in law. National development aims to improve the quality of life of the people toward equitable welfare, guided by Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Taxation holds a strategic position as the main source of state revenue, used to finance infrastructure, education, health, and other public services. However, the realization of tax revenue is often disproportionate to development needs due to low taxpayer compliance, limited public awareness, and practices of tax avoidance and budget misuse. This condition widens socio-economic inequality, so that taxation, which should serve as an instrument of redistribution, may instead trigger greater disparity. Therefore, strengthening regulation, enhancing legal awareness, and improving transparent tax governance are essential to support sustainable national development in Indonesia.
Public Policy and Partnership-Based CSR for Community Empowerment in Indonesia
Public policy plays a fundamental role in creating governance that is inclusive and responsive to the needs of society. One of the essential instruments in supporting sustainable development is the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs into the national policy framework. In Indonesia, CSR implementation is not only positioned as a business strategy but also established as a legal obligation for companies, particularly those operating in the natural resource sector. This policy aims to ensure that corporations provide tangible contributions to communities while preserving environmental sustainability. This study analyzes partnership-based CSR as a public policy instrument capable of synergizing the interests of government and the private sector in community empowerment. Through a literature-based approach, the findings indicate that effective CSR implementation can improve the quality of life, strengthen corporate legitimacy, and accelerate the achievement of sustainable development goals. These results emphasize the importance of cross-sector collaboration in optimizing public policies oriented toward community welfare.
Authority of Central and Regional Governments in Natural Resource and Environmental Management
This study discusses the relationship between central and regional government authority in the management of natural resources and the environment in Indonesia, emphasizing legal aspects and regional autonomy. As a unitary state, the central government holds the highest authority, while regions are given space through the principle of decentralization to regulate local affairs. However, regional authority in managing strategic natural resources remains limited in order to safeguard national interests. This research applies a normative juridical approach by analyzing the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management, and regional autonomy regulations. The findings reveal a dilemma between maintaining the consistency of national law and addressing regional needs in managing the environment according to local wisdom. The results emphasize the necessity of establishing a balanced relationship between the central and regional governments so that sustainable natural resource management can be achieved without neglecting the principle of national development.
Carbon Tax Effectiveness in Indonesia: Challenges and International Comparisons
Carbon tax has been introduced in Indonesia as part of climate change mitigation strategies through Law No. 7/2021 on Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP), with the aim of supporting the achievement of Net Zero Emission by 2060. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of carbon tax implementation using a library research approach, covering global perspectives, national context, and international comparisons. The findings indicate that Indonesia’s carbon tax rate (IDR 30/kg CO₂e or approximately USD 2.1/ton) remains too low compared to international standards, and thus has limited capacity to incentivize industries to transition toward low-emission technologies. Moreover, the country’s heavy reliance on fossil fuels and limited renewable energy infrastructure pose significant barriers. Nevertheless, carbon tax has substantial potential if properly designed, particularly by allocating revenues to clean energy development and social compensation mechanisms. With strong cross-sectoral policy support, carbon tax can serve as an effective fiscal instrument to reduce emissions and strengthen sustainable development in Indonesia.
Water Governance and Water Management Challenges in Indonesia Towards SDGs 2030
Clean water and sanitation are basic needs that are guaranteed as human rights, but in Indonesia the challenges of fulfilling them are still significant. This study examines the concept of water governance as a participatory, inclusive, and sustainable water management framework in the context of achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through the literature study method, this study examines the development of clean water access, institutional capacity, and the dynamics of multi-stakeholder participation in the last five years. The results of the study show that water management policies still face the problem of inequality of access, ineffective institutions, and limitations in adaptation to climate change. Nonetheless, collaborative practices through public-private partnerships and community-based programs have made a positive contribution. The discussion emphasized the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, expanding community participation, and integrating environmental sustainability aspects in water policy. This research emphasizes the relevance of water governance as a strategic instrument to realize the target of SDGs No. 6 in Indonesia.
E-Government in Indonesia: A Normative Study in Welcoming the Industrial Revolution 4.0
The development of digital technology has encouraged governments in various countries, including Indonesia, to implement e-government as part of the transformation of public governance. This study aims to analyze the development of regulations, implementation barriers, and e-government projection strategies in the face of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The method used is normative legal research by examining primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, as well as academic literature in the last five years. The results of the analysis show that although national regulations such as Presidential Regulation Number 95 of 2018 concerning SPBE have provided a legal framework, implementation at the regional level is still constrained by infrastructure, human resource limitations, and bureaucratic culture. Digital disparities also widen service disparities between regions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen adaptive regulations, increase the capacity of the apparatus, and harmonize central and regional policies. This article provides an academic contribution in the form of normative recommendations that can strengthen the legal basis of Indonesia's e-government towards inclusive and adaptive governance.
Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Smart City Strategies: Automation, Governance, and Ethical ChallengesArtificial Intelligence and Robotics in Smart City Strategies: Automation, Governance, and Ethical Challenges
Digital transformation through artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics is one of the key pillars in the smart city strategy. This development is influenced by the Industrial Revolution 4.0 which emphasizes the integration of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things, and big data to support urban governance and smart mobility. The study aims to analyze the application of AI and robotics in smart city strategies by highlighting five main categories: automation, decision-making, education, smart infrastructure, and smart mobility. The research method was carried out through a literature study by examining smart city strategies from various countries that are available online in the form of official documents. The results show that major cities have adopted AI for government transparency, energy efficiency, and public services. However, serious challenges arise related to data privacy, technological ethics, and socio-economic impacts due to work automation. This study emphasizes the need for an integrated socio-technical approach in realizing a sustainable and equitable smart city.
Artificial Intelligence for Adaptive and Sustainable Urban Public Spaces
The development of information technology and rapid urbanization has encouraged the emergence of the concept of smart cities as a solution to modern urban challenges. One of the important aspects of smart cities is urban public spaces, which function not only as social and cultural means, but also as adaptive infrastructure that can improve the quality of life of its citizens. This article discusses the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the development of smart, efficient, and sustainable urban public spaces. By adopting a precedent study approach through descriptive qualitative research methods, this study examines the implementation of AI in various aspects, such as energy management, adaptive lighting, traffic management, and sensor-based security systems. The results of the study show that AI has the potential to strengthen the efficiency of public space governance, improve citizen experience, and support urban sustainability. However, there are also challenges related to data availability, privacy, and infrastructure needs. This study is expected to make a theoretical and practical contribution to the development of smart public spaces in the future.