The Role of Government Accountability in Upholding the Rule of Law and Substantive Democracy in Indonesia

Abstract

Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia affirms that Indonesia is a state based on law, which requires all aspects of governance and public life to comply with legal principles. Within the context of democracy, the rule of law demands government accountability that is transparent, accountable, and responsive to the interests of the people. This study analyzes the concept of government accountability in the Indonesian legal system with a particular focus on the application of good governance principles. By employing a literature review of sources published and available, the study reveals that the effectiveness of democracy is closely linked to the quality of accountability and the supremacy of law, both of which prevent abuse of power and ensure political, social, and economic stability. When accountability is limited to mere formality, it results in public distrust, weakened democratic legitimacy, and higher corruption risks. Conversely, transparency, accountability, and adherence to the rule of law strengthen substantive democracy and enhance public trust.