Circular Economy and Waste Management in Indonesia: Strategies to Support the Achievement of SDGs

Abstract

Waste management in Indonesia remains a complex issue that continues to escalate alongside population growth, urbanization, and heavy reliance on single-use plastics. The conventional linear economy approach has proven ineffective in reducing waste accumulation and its environmental impacts, highlighting the need for a more sustainable alternative. This study examines the role of the circular economy (CE) as a strategic framework for waste management and its contribution to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a library research method, the study reviews literature published between last five years, focusing on both Indonesia and global best practices from Denmark, Germany, and Japan. The findings indicate that CE has the potential to reduce waste, improve resource efficiency, generate green jobs, and contribute to national decarbonization targets. Major challenges include limited infrastructure, insufficient economic incentives, and low public participation. Nevertheless, global experiences provide critical lessons to strengthen domestic strategies. Policy integration, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and simple technological innovation are key to realizing CE in Indonesia.